This article presents an analysis of borderland organizations in eastern Poland. It examines the nature of organizations creating the idea of a borderland, their territorial location, and the meanings of the borderland representations they create. The category of “borderland” is mainly used by local self-governments and NGOs. After 1989, these actors concentrated on organizing the region’s ethnic differences. The oldest borderland organizations are focused on the multicultural past of the region. Poland’s accession to the EU resulted in the reorganization of cross-border relations in connection with the emergence of new organizations interested in the state border or in the profits associated with proximity to it. The idea of a borderland in eastern Poland is supported by a small number of local institutions, which have not created a unified representation of what the borderland is. Therefore, the region has retained features of a coexisting and/or interdependent borderland.