Taking Care of Alcohol Dependence:
The Labor of Maintenance in Street Homeless Lives
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Submission date: 2025-11-21
Acceptance date: 2026-03-05
Publication date: 2026-09-29
Polish Sociological Review 2026;235(3):391-408
KEYWORDS
ABSTRACT
In Poland, homelessness and alcohol use are often deeply entangled, with dependence frequently
shaping the trajectories and concerns of everyday life on the street. Through ethnographic attention directed
toward unhoused residents of Kraków, this paper traces how alcohol use is laboriously maintained through
practices of self-care and mutual support, revealing a habituated commitment that persists despite legal, moral,
and institutional forces arrayed against it. The analysis foregrounds the tension between this regulatory milieu and
the teleology of dependence, showing how maintaining alcohol use becomes a political practice of holding life
together beyond societal recognition. What biomedical and moralizing discourses cast as “disorder” emerges
ethnographically as an organized and organizing practice with its own ordering principles and modes of
justification. In this reframing, substance use appears as a form of reproductive labor directed toward the self:
a way of maintaining coherence—and life itself—under conditions shaped by dependence.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This paper is indebted to those who shared their time, their knowledge, and fragments of their lives
with me—often under conditions that make such acts of sharing neither easy nor guaranteed. I am
also grateful to the anonymous reviewers and the editors, whose careful engagement helped rework
the argument and clarify its stakes.
FUNDING
This work was supported by the Research Foundation—Flanders (Junior Postdoctoral Fellowship;
674521 1277624N).
ETHICAL APPROVAL
The research reported on here has been reviewed and approved by the Privacy and Ethics
Platform and the Social and Societal Ethics Committee at KU Leuven (Approval Number:
G-2024-8426-R2(MAR)