The focus of this paper is the perceived relation of language (Polish) and religion (Catholicism) to the
Polish identity and whether and how these dimensions of identity are employed in interpreting processes of social
integration and mobility in Lithuanian society by research participants at schools where Polish is the language of
instruction. This paper argues that the native language (Polish) is seen as an important dimension of ethnic (Polish)
identity while both majority (Lithuanian) and minority languages are seen as helpful instruments in the process of
social inclusion and social mobility since they are perceived as dependent on the social context. Polish-language
schools reaffirm the interrelation of the Catholic religion and the Polish identity in discursive and practical ways
(via various cultural means). Nevertheless, religion, an essential dimension of Polish identity, does not come to
the forefront when discussing social integration or mobility.
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